Southern Africa – who were locked up in compounds under theĭraconian discipline enforced by the mining companies. – most of them migrants to the mining towns from elsewhere in Whites unskilled and heavy manual work were restricted to Africans Skilled and supervisory work were reserved for Well-capitalised large companies, which agreed among themselves the basics of The mines themselves became dominated by just a few The men in charge of the new minesĮstablished a pattern of work practices which was to shape SouthĪfrica’s mining industry, and much of its economy, in the Johannesburg and the towns of East and West Rand on the goldfields Major new towns – Kimberley on the diamond fields, Witwatersrand (‘the Rand’ for short) in the southernĮconomic, social and political situation of South Africa over the next The ‘mineral revolution’, briefly, comprised theĭiscovery and exploitation of the substantial diamond fields in andĪround what became the town of Kimberley in the northern Cape from 1869 Īnd the exploitation of the even more substantial gold reef on the ‘mineral revolution’, and Carnarvon’s federation Most of South Africa for the middle decades of the nineteenth centuryīegan to change rapidly from the 1870s, with the impact of the ‘mineral revolution’ and Carnarvon’s federation Independent African polities which had not yet succumbed to colonial Had significant consequences for the Indigenous populations of the area,įor the British colonies and the Boer republics, and for the remaining Its interests throughout the Southern African region.
By the 1870s, however, important economic and politicalĭevelopments in South Africa prompted Britain to act in consolidating Their involvement in South Africa beyond the coastal colonies of theĬape and Natal.
Nineteenth century, British governments had been reluctant to extend The chapter summarizes the political developments related to the voting rights of people, including settlers and Indigenous in the British settler colonies of Natal and Cape Colony. By the end of the nineteenth century, the separate African polities had almost entirely disappeared under some form of European colonial jurisdiction, and Britain was also directly threatening the independence of the two Boer republics. These developments, which included the ‘mineral revolution’ through the discovery of diamond fields and gold fields, and Lord Carnarvon's federation scheme of 1870, together reshaped the political geography of South Africa within three decades. By the 1870s, important economic and political developments in South Africa prompted Britain to act in consolidating its interests throughout the Southern African region. This chapter focuses on the voting rights and political outcomes of the intensified appropriation of Indigenous lands by British settler colonists in South Africa from the 1870s to 1910.
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